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Japanese Terminology
Compiled by Kraxberger Shihan
Pronunciation: Vowel sounds"a" is pronounced like the "a" in father "e" is pronounced like the "e" in send "i" is pronounced like the "i" in elite "o" is pronounced like the "o" in cold "u" is pronounced like the "oo" in food "ei" is pronounced like the "a" in fate Consonants "c" is pronounced like the "c" in cat "g" is pronounced like the "g" in garden |
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| Other Words and Phrases | |
| Kempo | Fist law or natural law |
| Sei | True, pure, correct |
| Kosho | Old pine tree |
| Shorei | Encouragement |
| Kai | Family, association |
| Ryu | School of thought |
| Sumikiri | Octagon |
| Kigan (ogamite) | Praying hands |
| Kaishu (mute) | Open hands |
| Hoken (hiken) | Covered fist |
| Mon | Crest or gate |
| Shochikubai | Pine/bamboo/plum |
| Densho | Legend, history, story |
| Waza | Techniques or Tricks |
| Aruku no waza | Stepping tricks |
| Ashi ate waza | Foot and leg striking tricks |
| Ashi Sabaki | Foot movement |
| Atemi waza | Vital point striking tricks |
| Onna | Female |
| Otoko | Male |
| Ato uchi waza | Feinting tricks |
| Bogyo geri waza | Kicking defense tricks |
| Chushin waza | Centering exercises |
| Debana waza | Anticipation tricks |
| Go shinjitsu | Self defense study |
| Harai waza | Warding-off techniques |
| Hyoshi | Timing |
| Iaido | Sword drawing way |
| Jikaku | Awareness |
| Jitsute waza | Spontaneous practice |
| Jodo | Short staff way |
| Kansetsu waza | Locking tricks |
| Kata | Forms or patterns |
| Katame Waza | Holding and locking tricks |
| Keiho waza | Structured practice |
| Kieru waza | Disappearing tricks |
| Kihon teki | Basics |
| Kime waza | Focus exercises |
| Koga ken keiko | Repositioning with the sword |
| Kokyu waza | Breathing tricks |
| Koshi nage waza | Hip throwing |
| Kuzushi waza | Unbalancing tricks |
| Kumite no waza | Crossed hands training |
| Maai | Distancing |
| Maki waza | Rolling-off technique |
| Nage waza | Throwing tricks |
| Nidan waza | Two-step technique |
| Ne waza | Ground tricks |
| Nige no waza | Escaping tricks |
| Nuki waza | Displacement, dodging or avoidng technique |
| Orashi no waza | Avoidance tricks |
| Randori waza | Grappling tricks |
| Renshu | Practice |
| Sandan waza | Three-step technique |
| Shiatsu | Finger pressure therapy |
| Shikake waza | Offensive techniques |
| Shime waza | Choking tricks |
| Shodo | Calligraphy way |
| Tai Sabaki | Body Movement |
| Te Sabaki | Hand Movement |
| Tsuki Waza | Punching tricks |
| Uchi Waza | Striking tricks |
| Ukemi waza | Falling practice |
| Uke no waza | Blocking tricks |
| Yawara waza | Grab release tricks |
| Kihon Tekki | Basic Skills |
| Dachi (tachi) | Stances |
| Gamae | Posture |
| Fudo Dachi | Rooted Stance, Immovable |
| Gankaku Dachi | Crane Stance |
| Hachiji Dachi | Open Leg Stance, 'Figure Eight Stance |
| Hangetsu Dachi | Half-Moon Stance |
| Heiko Dachi | Parallel stance |
| Heisoku Dachi | A natural or informal attention stance |
| Ippon Dachi | One point stance |
| Juji Dachi | Cross Stance |
| Kiba Dachi | Straddle Stance. Also known as horse riding stance |
| Kiza no kamae | Kneeling but up on toes |
| Kokutsu dachi | Back Stance |
| Naihanchi dachi | Kiba Dachi, but with the feet turned in |
| Neko ashi dachi | Cat Foot Stance |
| Sanchin dachi | Three Conflicts / Hour-glass Stance |
| Seiza no kamae | Kneeling on both calves |
| Shiko dachi | Square Stance, Four Thigh Stance also sumo stance |
| Tachi | Stance |
| Tachiagaru | to stand up |
| Tsuru ashi dachi | Crane Leg Stance |
| Zenkutsu dachi | Front/Forward Stance, translation Front Knee Bent Stance |
| Ashi | Foot or Leg |
| Fumikomi geri | Stamping kick |
| Geri | Kick, when added to another word to describe the kick |
| Hiza geri | Knee Kick |
| Kakato geri | Axe Kick |
| Kake geri | Hook Kick |
| Keage | Kick Up, snapping |
| Kekomi | Thrust Kick (Literally, Kick Into/Straight) |
| Keri | Kick |
| Keru | Kick, this is used when saying kick as a verb |
| Mae geri | Front Kick |
| Mae geri keage | Front Snapping Kick |
| Mae geri kekomi | Front Thrust Kick |
| Mae tobi geri | Front Jump Kick |
| Mawashi geri | Round/Roundhouse Kick |
| Mikazuki geri | Crescent Kick |
| Ren geri | Consecutive Kicking, alternating kicking |
| Tobi geri | Jumping Kick |
| Ushiro geri | Back Kick |
| Yoko geri | Side Kick |
| Uke | Blocks |
| Age uke | Rising Block |
| Barai waza | Sweeping techniques |
| Chudan uke | Middle Level Block |
| Empi uke (hiji uke) | Elbow Block |
| Gedan barai uke | Lower level Sweeping Block |
| Jodan uke | Upper/High Level Block |
| Juji uke | Cross or X Block |
| Kaisho uke | Open Hand Block |
| Morote uke | Augmented Block |
| Otoshi uke | Dropping Block |
| Shuto uke | Knife-hand Block |
| Soto chudan uke | Outside Mid-level Block |
| Teisho barai | Palm Heel Sweep |
| Tettsui uke (or Kentsui uke) | Hammer Fist Block |
| Tsuki uke | Punching Block |
| Uchi chudan uke | Inside Mid-level Block |
| Uke | Block |
| Tsuki or Zuki | Punches |
| Age zuki | Rising Punch |
| Choku zuki | Straight Punch, also Kara Tsuki |
| Dan zuki | Consecutive punching (same hand) |
| Gyaku zuki | Reverse Punch |
| Hiraken | Flat Fist or Fore knuckle fist |
| Ippon ken | One Knuckle Fist |
| Kake zuki | Hook Punch |
| Kizami zuki | Jabbing Punch |
| Mawashi zuki | Round/Roundhouse Punch |
| Morote zuki | Augmented Punch or U-Punch |
| Nagashi zuki | Flowing punch |
| Nakadaka ippon-ken | Middle Finger One Knuckle Fist |
| Oi zuki | Lunge punch |
| Ren zuki | Alternate punching |
| Sanbon zuki | A series of three punches |
| Seiken | Original Fist, Fore fist, Regular Fist |
| Tate zuki | Vertical Punch |
| Tsuki | A punch or thrust |
| Yama zuki | A wide U-shaped dual punch, also called Mountain Punch |
| Zuki | Punch, use 'Zuki' when you add the word to another |
| Uchi or Tuchi | Strikes |
| Age-empi uchi | Upward Elbow Strike, sometimes Tate empi uchi |
| Empi uchi | Elbow Strike |
| Haito uchi | Ridge-hand Strike |
| Ippon tsuki | One Finger Thrust, also Ippon Nukite |
| Tettsui ken uchi (or Kentsui uchi ) | Hammer Fist Strike |
| Nihon nukite | Two Finger Strike |
| Nukite | Spear Hand |
| Shuto uchi | Knife hand strike |
| Tate empi uchi | Upward Elbow Strike, also called Age empi |
| Teisho uchi | Palm Heel Strike |
| Uchi | Striking |
| Uraken uchi | Back Fist Strike |
| Ushiro mawashi empi uchi | Back Roundhouse Elbow Strike |
| Yoko empi uchi | Side Elbow Strike |
| Types of Practice | |
| Embu | Demonstration |
| Kata | Structured practice; form or pattern |
| Kakari-geiko | Practice where the instructor offers openings to the student, who must attack the openings immediately |
| Keiko | Practice |
| Mi tori keiko | Watching practice |
| Shiai | Competition |
| Bugei | Martial arts |
| Jujutsu | Gentle art |
| Karate | Empty hand |
| Kobujutsu | Weapon arts |
| GI | Top of uniform |
| Keiko gi | Uniform |
| Zekken | Chest patch embroidered with own name and dojo name |
| Obi | Belt |
| Hakama | Split skirt, wide legged pants |
| Reigi | Etiquette |
| Arigato | Thank you (informal) |
| Domo | Thanks (informal) |
| Domo arigato | Thank you (formal) |
| Domo arigato gozaimasu | Thank you very much (very formal) |
| Dozo | Please go ahead |
| Gomen nasai | Excuse me, I'm sorry |
| Hajime no saho | Beginning etiquette |
| Joseki ni rei | Bow to the high section of the Dojo |
| Kamiza ni rei | Bow to kamiza (heritage) |
| Onegai shimasu | Please (asking for something, please lets practice together) |
| Oshiete (kudasai) | (Please) teach me, Let's practice (play) together, shall we? |
| Onegai otsukare sama deshita | A thank-you that is used after training |
| Otagai ni rei | Bow to each other |
| O tsukare sama deshita | You have become tired (because of the hard work you have done teaching) An expression of thanks |
| Owari no saho | Finishing etiquette |
| Rei | Bow |
| Reigi | Etiquette |
| Reiho | Etiquette, method of bowing |
| Reishiki | Etiquette, method of bowing |
| Ritsu rei | Standing bow |
| Saho | Method of etiquette |
| Sensei (gata) ni re | Bow to Teachers |
| Sumimasen | Excuse me (to attract attention) |
| Tachi rei | Standing Bow |
| To rei | Bow to sword |
| Za rei | Kneeling Bow |
| Ranks and Titles | |
| Gakkusei | Student |
| Ko hai | Junior student |
| Sempai | Senior student |
| Sensei | Teacher |
| Shihan | A senior, or exemplary teacher, properly used within the school only |
| Soke | Head of style (actually head of family, unifier of gods and lineage) |
| Hanshi | Root master, source |
| Kyoshi | Middle title |
| Renshi | Title bestowed in addition to Dan ranks |
| Kancho | Owner of school (building, hall) |
| Kaicho | Owner of school (organization) |
| Yudansha | Members of the Dan grades |
| Mudansha | Members of the Kyu grades |
| Kyu | Student grade, from 8 up to 1, the highest |
| Hachikyu | 8th Rank |
| Shichikyu | 7th Rank |
| Rokyu | 6th Rank |
| Gokyu | 5th Rank |
| Shikyu | 4th Rank |
| Sankyu | 3rd Rank |
| Nikyu | 2nd Rank |
| Ikkyu | 1st Rank |
| Yudansha | Members of the Dan grades |
| Dan | More advanced grades from 1 to 10, after attaining a black belt |
| Shodan | 1st degree Black Belt |
| Practice Hall Arrangement and Definitions | |
| Dojo | Practice hall |
| Ge | Side of dojo opposite shinzen |
| Joseki (jo) | High side, shinzen |
| Shomen | Front of room |
| Kamiza | Spirit seat |
| Shimoza | opposite sensei, where students sit |
| Dojo Commands | |
| Ato | move back |
| Hajime | Begin, start |
| Hayaku | Quickly, Hurry |
| Iai kisogeiko | Fundamental practice |
| Iie | No |
| Ijo | that is all (after recitation) |
| Junbitaiso o hajimemasu | Begin warm-up |
| Junbitaiso o owarimasu | Warm-ups are finished |
| Kaette | Pivot, change direction |
| Hai | Yes |
| Katana o motte | Get your sword(s) |
| Kiai | Shout, yell |
| Kiyotsukete | Be careful |
| Kogemi | Attack |
| Mate | Wait |
| Mawatte | Turn around |
| Moichido | One more time |
| Mo motte | More, eg. mo oki, bigger |
| Mokuso | Close the eyes, meditation |
| Narande | Line up |
| Osame to | Replace swords into saya |
| Roe | Bow |
| Shitsurei | Excuse me |
| Suwari kudasai | Please sit down |
| Tachi nasai | Stand up |
| Tadashi | Correct |
| Uchimoni | Practice motion |
| Yame | Stop |
| Yasume | Relax, at ease |
| Yoi | Ready, attention |
| Yukuri | Slowly |
| Yuru yaka ni | Smooth |
| Aruki | Walking |
| Ayumi ashi | Normal walking motion, back foot slides up to become front foot |
| Fumi komi | Shift forward, as in a strike, using the hips |
| Fumi komi ashi | Foot motion as shifting forward, front and back slide together, not two different movements |
| Okuri ashi | Following foot, step forward with front foot, then rear foot moves same distance forward to regain original distance apart |
| Tsugi ashi | Half step, rear foot up to front then front forward again |
| Names of Roles | |
| Kasso teki | Invisible opponent |
| Motodachi | Defender, teacher side in waza practice |
| Nage | Performer of technique |
| Shidachi (shi tachi) | Completing sword. Finishes partner practice |
| Teki | Opponent |
| Tori | Attacker |
| Uchidachi (uchi tachi) | Entering sword. Attacker in partner practice |
| Uke | Receiver (of technique) |
| General Vocabulary | |
| Age | Lift or raise up |
| Ato de | Afterwards |
| Chigau | Different |
| Chiisai | Small |
| Chikaku | Near |
| Dame | Not like that, wrong |
| Hai | Yes |
| Heta | Unskillful, poorly done |
| Iie | No |
| Jozu | Skillful |
| Kogesa | Small form |
| Kyojun | Standard, basic level |
| Machigai | Mistake |
| Miru | Look |
| Naza | Why |
| Ogesa | Large form |
| Oki | Big |
| Semeru | Push, press |
| Shita | Under |
| Shito kokyu | One breath |
| Shizukani | Soft, gentle |
| Sukoshi | A little, a small amount |
| Tate | Standing, upright |
| Wakarimasu | I understand |
| Warui | Bad |
| Tai Sabaki | Body Motions |
| Tai | Body |
| Sabaki | Movement |
| Hiraki ashi | Rear foot moves forward and turns to face opponent, front foot turns to establish feet again in kamae but with opposite foot forward |
| Irimi | Entering |
| Jiku ashi | Turning foot, the main axis of rotation |
| Kaiten | Turning |
| Mawari | Swinging around |
| Seme ashi | Pushing or pressing foot |
| Suri ashi | Sliding foot |
| Tenkan | Moving one foot behind the other to turn 180 degrees |
| Directions | |
| Mae | Forward |
| Migi | Right |
| Hidari | Left |
| Ushiro | Rearward, behind |
| Omote | Front |
| Ura | Back |
| Uchi | Inside, inward |
| Soto | Outside, outward |
| Jodan | High |
| Chudan | Middle |
| Gedan | Low |
| Fukaku | Low |
| Ichi mon ji | A straight line |
| Tate ichi mon ji | A vertical line |
| Yoko ichi min ji | A horizontal line |
| Chokkaku | Right angles |
| Do | Degrees, eg. kuju do is 90 degrees |
| Heiko | Parallel |
| Kakudo | Angle |
| Massugu | Straight ahead |
| Naname | Diagonal |
| Otoshi | Dropping |
| Shomen | Straight ahead |
| Ue | Up |
| Yoko | Horizontal, to the side |
| Asoko | Over there |
| Biki | To move, as in saya biki or hakama biki |
| Gyaku | Reverse, opposite, inverted |
| Hantai | The other way around |
| Kiku | Lower |
| Komi | Coming close or drawing near |
| Soko | There, that position |
| Anatomy | |
| Nakazumi | Centerline of body |
| Atama | Head |
| Men | Head |
| Shomen | Front or top of head |
| Yokomen | Side of head |
| Shamen | Side of head, temple |
| Gammen | Point on face between eyes |
| Me | Eye |
| Mimi | Ear |
| Jinchu | Center of upper lip |
| Kubi | Neck |
| Nodo | Throat |
| Do | Chest / side of body at ribs |
| Sui getsu | Solar plexus |
| Mune | Chest |
| Te | Hand |
| Te kubi | Wrist |
| Omote | Open / palm of hand |
| Kote | Wrist (forearm) |
| Hiji | Elbow |
| Kata | Shoulder |
| Ude | Arm in general |
| Ura | Back of hand |
| Yubi | Finger / toe |
| Koshi | Hip |
| Hara | Abdomen |
| Tanden | Centre of balance, below navel |
| Seika tanden | As per tanden |
| Ashi | Foot or leg |
| Ashi kubi | The ankle |
| Philisophical Concepts | |
| Budo | Way of war |
| Bushido | Way of the warrior |
| Dai kyo soku kei | Big strong fast smooth |
| Fudoshin | Immovable mind, calm spirit |
| Fukaku | Personal character |
| Gokai | Grandeur, large, full motions |
| Heijishin | Ordinary mind |
| Jo ha kyu | Slow, faster, fastest |
| Ki | Spirit, energy |
| Kiai | Spirit/breath union, shout |
| Kime | Focus, sharpness of movement |
| Kokoro or Shin | Heart/mind |
| Kokyu | Breath, breath power |
| Ma | Distance, space, interval (in time) |
| Maai | Mutual distance (in space) |
| Mushin | No mind, no rationalization |
| Muga | No ego |
| Munen | No thought |
| Riai | Unification of action and theory |
| Sei | Motionless, inactive |
| Shu ha ri | Absorb, digest, omit. Memorize, question and understand, forget |
| Sutemi | Sacrifice technique, accept a blow to deliver one |
| Zanshin | Lingering mind |
